We produce pastes of graphene and graphene oxide of high concentration in a passive solvent (for example, in distilled water) in three categories (see table 4). Concentration of graphene flakes and oxidized graphene flakes can be: 30% (graphene) + 70% (water), 50% (graphene) + 50% (water), 70% (graphene) + 30% (water). Parameters of such graphene pastes are presented in the Table. It is used for various applications, including: modified additives (additives) to various materials (construction, structural, etc.), creation of thermal interface pastes (for example, based on polymer-graphene thermal interfaces), as semi-liquid lubricants, for creating polymer-graphene heaters, etc.
Table 4
| Parameters | Graphene-water (50-50) IG-GP-50/50 | Graphene-water (30-70) IG-GP-30/70 | Graphene oxide – water (50-50) IG-GOP-50/50 | Comments |
| Graphene purity | > 94% | > 94% | > 91% | Batch control |
| Defects density | Low | Low | Low | Primary control |
| Number of layers | 3 – 7 | 3 – 9 | 4 – 9 | Batch control |
| Content of Sp2 | > 82% | > 82% | – | Batch control |
| Thickness of graphene flakes (plates) | 2-3 nm | 2-3 nm | 3-4 nm | |
| Lateral size | to 80 μm | to 40 μm | to 30 μm | |
| Electrical conductivity | – | – | – | |
| Thermal conductivity | – | – | – | |
| Optical transparency | Nontransparent | Nontransparent | Nontransparent | |
| True density | 1,4–1,5 g/cm3 | 1,23–1,28 g/cm3 | 1,4–1,5 g/cm3 | Bulk density |
| Content of hybridized carbon | – | – | – | Primary control |
| Colour | Dark grey | Dark grey | Dark grey |